Friday, May 15, 2020

Sustainability Issues in Australia


By Nicole Kenyon

I often find it extremely difficult to take into consideration issues that are going on in other parts of the world, because in my mind I feel that it doesn’t affect me. I was lucky enough to be able to take this class and look at things from a completely different perspective. In this paper I will be discussing a couple of major issues going on in Australia.

There is sometimes this nagging feeling that I should be doing things to help this environment even if some of the more awful things will occur when I am no longer on this earth; it doesn’t mean it won’t affect my niece and the people I love and care about.  

When conducting my research, it was very apparent that there is a huge threat to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. The Reef is under extreme threat due to climate change, poor water quality from land-based run-off and impacts from fishing.

“Climate change impacts on coral reefs are predicted to worsen and critically affect the survival of coral reefs globally without the strongest possible climate change mitigation.” (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority) In February 2020, the temperatures were the highest ever recorded since the 1900’s. “A pale or lightly bleached coral typically regains its color within a few weeks or months and survives.”  (ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies) If the temperatures continue to rise the coral is not going to be able to survive.

Working from Sydney, Australia, Terry Hughes surveyed the Great Barrier Reef multiple times within the past 9 years, and every year the reef is becoming more and more damaged. “The mass bleaching indicates that corals are under intense stress from the waters around them, which have been growing increasingly hotter.” (New York Times)

The world’s oceans absorb about 93% of the heat trapped by the greenhouse gases that humans release into the atmosphere and has been affecting not only the Great Barrier Reef. The stress on the corals from the ever-so hot summers make it difficult for them to survive. “The ripple effect could be significant. Hundreds of people get their protein primarily from reef fish like the coral trout, which is already being affected by the bleaching events on the Great Barrier Reef. Many scientists worry that the loss of that food supply could become a humanitarian crisis.” (New York Times)

The coral started to show signs of being affected in January, the same time that Australia’s bush-fire crisis reached its peak. “Scientists had warned 20 years ago that coral reefs would be at risk if humans did not address climate change.” (New York Times)

“New research suggest recent record-breaking heat in southeastern Australia is linked to the climate change.” (Science News for Students) Research shows that human-caused climate change is going to cause at least 30 percent more fires. The fires that occurred in Australia have not only affected the people living there but also the animals. I came across many photos while doing my research of animals dead because of these fires. An intense heat wave in the region is more likely now than it was in the 1900’s. Research shows that summers in Australia have been lasting longer and longer each month. “The year 2019 was Australia’s hottest and driest since modern recordkeeping began in 1910.” (Science News)

The fires in Australia have killed more than 30 people, destroyed nearly 6,000 structures, and wiped out hundreds of millions of animals. “More than 1 billion mammals, birds, and reptiles nationwide – some of them found nowhere else on the earth – may have been affected or killed by the fires sweeping across Australia according to a University of Sydney estimate.” (The Washington Post)

It was eye opening to me to see how devastating these fires were, and research shows that these fires are caused by climate change. It does not matter if some animals survived because their habitat has been wiped away and they will end up dying.

After conducting my research, I found it interesting to see how all three of these topics relate to one another. Climate change and environmental issues mostly caused by humans have been affecting our world for many years. Research shows that scientists predicted the threats to the Great Barrier Reef 20 years ago, and still nothing has really been done about it. The climate change is affecting the temperatures as well, resulting in hotter and longer summers, which then result in wildfires. Animals have been in in danger of extinction, and if the climate continues the way it is, the world and people living it will suffer extreme consequences.


References

ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies. (2020). Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/04/200407101801.htm

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. (2020). Retrieved from
           
New York Times. (2020). Retrieved from
           
Science News. (2020). Retrieved from
           
Science News for Students. (2020). Retrieved from
           
The Washington Post. (2020). Retrieved from

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