Friday, May 4, 2018

Winter Begins on a Path


Ramapo College path (photo: Nick Sammartino)

By Nick Sammartino

I walked this path for three years, and now, in my fourth, I walk it again and again. Not because I have to—really, it’s inconvenient—but because I can trace the trajectory of my thoughts in the wood grain, the curl of the bark. I can follow the change in my ideas over time, just like I can see where the trail stops and turns back into campus.

There’s a smell out here not like decay, not like that rising stinking bloat of spring, when all the animals are shitting and eating and dying, and the plants are thawing and rotting beneath warm showers. It’s totally unlike that. The smell here is clean and concise, and when some bad aspect does come through, it’s faint and quickly swallowed by the wind.

That’s if you’re by the green bridge, though, which looks out over the pond and sits below Overlook. Meanwhile, if you’re at the end closest to the Birch Tree Inn, a clinging stink of grease wafts from the building and touches wilderness. Latches onto your clothes and hair.

The middle of the path is a nice compromise between man and nature. Orange-red leaves turn on the ground like the hands of children. A lamppost, fitted with a safety box, looms like some clockwork sentinel. Wind pirouettes between the trees, singing empty ballads—its voice a grim implication of the quiet blue days to come. Cold will compress the brain in my skull, just as these dark mornings do. Can you feel the change like I can? Soupy layers of gas have sheathed the world, blotting out the light, and a shadowy depression has already checked in.

Three years back, I was walking here with folks. We were freshmen. A new winter just like this one reigned over the forest. It was early and the world was blue and black. I stopped on the path as fog throbbed beyond the trees like a ghostly heart. I was so cold. Erin touched the tips of her fingers to my elbow and asked if I was okay. With numbness I responded, said something like “Yeah I’m fine,” though I was not. The three of us—Erin, her roommate, and I—walked back to the dorm. They spoke, I went in silence. They said “Goodbye” to me when we reached Mackin, we split apart. Then I went up to my room and coiled up under the covers. It was early, yes, but the world was blue and black.

Back to the present. The grey sky swirls overhead, over the pond and the woods. Cloudy depths conceal a sick, pale sun. Acorns plink down on the concrete path. Two years ago, as I was stepping off the green bridge and onto the path, one plinked against my skull. It’s strange to think that acorns hold oaks like skulls hold brains. It’s strange to think that seeds and heads both harbor huge potential—and that this potential often remains unrealized.

Oaks and maples and ash trees stare emaciated over the pond, some starting to hook and bend down at a common zenith, as if pondering the fate of the fish below. The fish swim below, unseen, unperturbed; as far as I know, they do not wonder about the fate of the trees above.

To my left, the green circle of marsh water reflects a flat canopy, surface untouched by the dancing wind. Where’s mister turtle? Where’s the bog-witch with her creeping ten-inch fingers of vine?

Likely here and likely not here. But mister turtle will be back, when the meltwater flows along the path on either side, and so will the bog-witch and her jittering goblin boys, bodies made of banana peels and apple cores and discarded cups.

Some friends in Sophomore year were thinking about organizing a Ramapo clean-up club, because the problem went beyond bananas and cups. In the puddles around the path, you can sometimes see floating wrappers. On a few occasions, I’ve spotted empty medicine boxes: the gradient blues of NyQuil or Sinex. Plans for their club fell through, but I still do my part when I can. If there’s trash on the path, I take a tissue from my pocket, grab the offending item, and walk it to the garbage cans that sit by the mouth of the forest.

In the time between pleasant seasons, this is a lonely place, and the only occupants until spring will be death, wind, and ice, who all three love to dance together on the false grave of wilderness.

Wilderness is lying in bed right now, not quite dead. The fever has passed, chill is setting in, and the pre-mourners, they know—flesh sloughs from the bone, hair falls from the scalp, color leaves the skin. They know. I grieve for the passing of fall; so, too, do the bears and squirrels. They’re hiding their faces right now, too sad to be seen about. Their grief is vast, but temporary.

It’s hard to say if I’m going to miss this place. I’ve walked here a fifth of my life, and that has to mean something, right? I admire the nostalgia, how I can follow the flow of my own creative choices as if a path of its own. Landmarks mark the inception of ideas; my stories share the soul of this forest. The fallen log, the swamp, the pond, the canopy, the green bridge. Each has its own incarnation in my fiction.

Maybe I am going to miss it.

Breath jumps from my lips in a fog. My lips are chapped and shedding skin.

What I’m not going to miss, though, is Ramapo winter. Or this place at night, when the terror comes not from the darkness, but from the light of the lampposts. How their haloes project deformed shadows—like the planet is asleep, and its nightmares are out walking upon its head.

Before day dies completely, before the blue and black turns to just black, I make like a leaf and walk away with the wind. 


News Articles Like Literary Works


By Nick Sammartino

Reading the “Toxic Legacy” report published by the Bergen Record: I was struck by a highly effective and powerful use of juxtaposition in the introduction to the topic. As the eye of the reader passes over descriptions of landmarks and natural resources, a tranquil series of images begins to form. And accompanying these beautiful images, startlingly, are terrible facts. For instance, there is a small section about a boy playing in the water that runs down his driveway—but in the water is lead paint sludge and, as a result, the boy and his mother had to move out. Toxic materials not only interrupted normal day-to-day activity, but also forced a family to uproot and relocate. 

These innocent, joyful scenarios are disrupted by something so foul that it seems irreconcilable with the pleasant description—this something, of course, is Ford’s corrupting influence on the environment. The mention of cancer and a kid at play—who got cancer from being at play—is so frightening, and also informed by a genuine ethos, which I believe helps to create the beginning of a motivating force, i.e. a call to action. This is effective reporting, both from an informative and persuasive standpoint. The tarnished land is detailed descriptively from a detached viewpoint, supplying insightful commentary and thematically-resonant connective tissues—like when the blue paint sludge is described: “It’s a sporty color, maybe the ‘Diamond Blue’ that Ford sprayed on Galaxies in the late 1960s.” This mild tone belies atrocities beneath the surface, like the poison sludge under a thin cover of soil.

These are just some examples of the impressive writing in the “Toxic Legacy” report—which appeared on an extensive, interactive website as well as in a newspaper series—that any writer on environmental issues should examine. I haven’t read many scholars who have analyzed news articles as pieces of literature, or the efficacy of literary tactics used therein, but when that is what they seem like—pieces of literature—and when they employ such skillful, evocative prose, I think it is a highly valid topic to address. To emulate the influence of the “Toxic Legacy” investigations on readers, there have to be two things present in a journalist’s repertoire, which can each be broken down into many parts. At their most basic, these two things are: Good writing and good reporting. I realize this sounds obvious, and it is likely common knowledge, but bear with me, because it’s a compelling line of thought to follow, i.e. breaking down the investigative journalism process into simple sections.

Arguably there can be no agreed-upon metric by which to universally judge “good writing.” That said, as with “flow” in a narrative, one can usually spot good writing by eye. If one can’t discern good writing from bad, then good editing should be able to help. Descriptive, sensory-based passages should be pertinent and brief, and should house the reporting suitably, so that the writing and the reporting should never be far removed from each other. In this context, good writing should contain subtle, persuasive rhetoric, convincing the reader that the ideas raised in the reporting are valid.

“Good reporting” should be the body and the bones of the work, the meat; while the “good writing” should be the skin, the eyes, the teeth, the pretty parts of an article or series. For me, good reporting (in this context of environmental journalism) is a collection of things: an issue or cause based in fact, entities/locations affected by the issue, identification of responsible parties/vectors/natural entities, proposed solutions, implications of responsible parties ignoring the issue or cause. All must be based in fact, and hypothetical solutions should be feasible.

Good reporting can exist independently of good writing—if the message is resonant enough. In my opinion, good writing (in a piece of environmental journalism) cannot survive alone. If one is going to pursue such reporting and writing, then one should be able to craft compelling prose, get to the crux of the matter, and draw the reader into the depths of the story.


Nick Sammartino is a senior at Ramapo College of New Jersey majoring in literature.

The making of the Great Ocean of China

The Maldives may be the smallest country in the region, but its economic and political value cannot be overlooked

By Thilmeeza Hussain

The political impasse in the smallest country in the Indian Ocean is drawing global attention to India’s power in the region and its leadership role in the world.
If India does not act swiftly to ensure that the Maldivian people’s rights are protected and democracy is restored in the country, China, which has sided with the current Maldivian ruler Abdulla Yameen, is going to consolidate power in the region around India.
The Maldives has been on a downhill slope since the coup d’état in 2012, when former president Mohamed Nasheed was forced to resign under duress; the country’s situation has deteriorated steadily since Yameen took office in a highly contested election. Soon after taking office, he has prosecuted every opposition leader and they are either in jail or exile.
For many Maldivians like me, the coup d’état still feels surreal. We watched parliamentarians getting beaten on the streets and peaceful protesters being met with batons and pepper spray. The death of Maldivian democracy stood in stark contrast to our euphoria after the hard-earned end of a 30-year dictatorship. Yameen’s older half-brother, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, who lost the first multi-party election in 2008, was the only president many of us had known our entire lives.
For four years, we tasted freedom and rule of law.
Today, voices demanding freedom of assembly, freedom of speech, or calling to uphold the rule of law are thrown behind bars. The door to jail cells is a revolving one, and there is a continuous flow of political prisoners.
Not even members of Yameen’s own political party are safe if they are seen as a threat to his power. Not too long ago, we saw a member of Parliament (MP) stabbed to death with a machete on the stairwell of his home. When an investigative journalist, Ahmed Rilwan, started reporting on the murder, he was abducted from his home and hasn’t been seen since. Shortly after, Rilwan’s friend and political blogger Yameen Rasheed, who sought the truth of his friend’s disappearance, was stabbed in the neck and chest multiple times in the stairwell of his apartment building. State-sponsored attacks on citizens and a culture of impunity have taken over our country. Despite being under constant threat, harassment and fear, Maldivians are still fighting for their rights every day.
It’s clear that the current pressure from the international community, including our closest ally and neighbour India, has not stopped Yameen’s blatant disregard for the rule of law so far. For example, the international community condemned the current administration’s refusal to release former president Nasheed, eight other political prisoners and reinstate 12 members of Parliament. Instead of abiding by our Supreme Court ruling, Yameen’s government declared a state of emergency, arresting and jailing two Supreme Court justices, three MPs, his half-brother, former president Gayoom, and anyone whom he saw as a danger to his rule. 
We Maldivians share strong ethnic, linguistic, cultural and commercial ties with India but if our human rights abuses are not enough to compel India into taking more concrete steps to stop Yameen, their own security should be reason enough. 
The rapid deterioration of the situation in the Maldives since 2012 has extended far beyond the shores of our islands because of our location, and it has brought India’s significance in the region into question. The worth of this vast ocean to India cannot be exaggerated.
The Maldives lies next to crucial shipping lanes, one of the major choke points for the world maritime transit of oil which provides continuous energy supplies from the West to the Far East through the Indian Ocean (equivalent to just under half of the world’s total oil supply). Also, according to India’s ministry of shipping, about 95% of the country’s trade by volume and 70% by value comes via the Indian Ocean. As China swiftly grows its military presence in the Indian Ocean in the garb of anti-piracy operations, India must come up with a more coherent plan; at the end of last year, it was forced to carry out a threat assessment due to the presence of Chinese submarines in the Indian Ocean. 
The Maldives, since its independence in 1965, has had an “India first” policy and leaders of both countries have held high-level exchanges on regional issues. But since Yameen took office, he has aligned with China, which has defended his authoritarian rule. The Maldives now owes about 80% of its foreign debt to China, which has been spreading its wings rapidly in South Asia and has been eyeing the atoll nation for its strategic location. China has already cosied up to Nepal by helping the latter reduce its significant trade deficit; it has invested heavily in Sri Lanka and Pakistan. China is strategically encircling India under the fancy name of the “Silk Road Project”. A part of the road will also pass through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir and may eventually help further Pakistani ambitions in Kashmir. 
Is India losing its grip in the region and becoming a non-actor in the mighty Indian Ocean? Are we witnessing the making of the Great Ocean of China? If India loses its dominant power in Asia, it will not be able to safeguard its security or protect its interests. 
Although ours may be the smallest country in the region, our economic and political value cannot be overlooked. Let’s hope it’s not too late by the time India recognizes this.
This article was originally published 2/20/18 by LiveMint, www.livemint.com
Thilmeeza Hussain is a former deputy ambassador of the Maldives to the UN and a 2018 Aspen Institute New Voices fellow. She teaches World Sustainability at Ramapo College and is a visiting professor in the Environmental Writing program.

Thursday, May 3, 2018

Move Out Drive May 5, Ramapo Students Donate Clothes, Supplies, Food


News Release

Contact: Emily Shovlin

Move Out Drive

College students produce a significant amount of waste throughout the semester, with much of it accumulating within the last few weeks of the semester. On average, an American college student sends 640 pounds of materials to the landfill, such as clothing, bedding, and kitchen and bathroom supplies. With over 20 million college students in the country, this amounts to about 12,800,000,000 pounds of trash per school year.

To cut down this number, two of Ramapo College’s environmental groups, 1STEP (Students Together for Environmental Progress) and Ramapo Green, are hosting a move out and food drive the weekend before finals end. At three locations throughout the campus, students will be collecting clothing, room decorations, kitchen supplies, and non-perishable foods, all of which will be donated to Goodwill and a local food bank.

If you and your roommates have any unneeded products or food, come to Thomases Commons, Laurel Hall, or Mackin-Bischoff Court between 11AM and 6PM on Saturday, May 5th to give these items a second life and avoid sending them to a landfill!

Reef Fish Might Adapt to Warmer Seas, Study Finds


News Release
Contact: Dominique Otiepka

Reef Fish Inherit Tolerance to Warming Oceans
CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA – Coral reef research scientists released new information on April 30t that a study found the offspring of reef fish whose parents were exposed to increased water temperatures have improved performance in stressful conditions.
ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies located in Canberra, Australia, contributes to coral reef science research and marine studies to develop new information regarding marine habitats and creatures.  This council consists of the world’s largest concentration of coral reef scientists.
A senior professor, Phillip Munday, stated that epigenetic change refers to chemical modifications in the DNA, which signals genes to be switched on or off. A range of factors, including disease, famine, or in the case of this research, heat stress, can stimulate these subtle changes and adapt to the changing environment.
This research was conducted with reef fish, which could be able to potentially adjust to the warming oceans on a genetic level. Reef fish can inherit the genetic tools to respond and adjust to the ocean warming.  Selective DNA methylation were observed that enhanced the next generation's ability to cope with the new, warmer temperatures.  The species evaluated was a spiny chromis damselfish, a common Indo-Pacific reef fish, for two generations under three different water temperatures. Temperatures included up to 3 degrees Celsius warmer than current-day ocean temperatures. Gene expression may “buffer populations against the impacts of rapid environmental change and provide time for genetic adaptation to catch up over the longer term, by allowing maximized oxygen consumption and energy use,” said Professor Munday.
There are rapid climate changes that have caused numerous animal populations to decline.  Certain fish have the ability to adapt to such extreme circumstances, but this new information does not make global warming, at such fast rates, acceptable by any means. Coral fish are adapting to warmer temperatures, meanwhile, their coal habitats are being destroyed.  Climate change has kept reef fish in danger; the decline of their coral habitats remains a main concern regarding their survival.
For more information:

Wednesday, May 2, 2018

The Birds of May


News Release
Contact: Nick Sammartino

Celebrate Birds in May! 

Throughout the month of May, people across the United States will be celebrating birds. For instance, Utah’s governor Gary Herbert has declared May the month of birds, seeking to, as KUTV says, “celebrate over 400 native and migratory birds that fly over the state this time of year, and the natural resources that support them.”

If you are looking for a brick-and-mortar event, the Smithsonian Zoo in Washington, DC, will be holding a festival on May 12th dedicated to World Migratory Bird Day. Admission is free, and the zoo will have various games and activities meant to entertain children and adults alike with information about hundreds of birds. There will also be education stations that offer insights into migration patterns, avian conservation, and how everyone can “help protect migratory birds at home.”

With recent reports coming out of from France, regarding the catastrophic decline of European birds such as the skylark and the grey partridge, it has become imperative that we as environmentally-conscious citizens start questioning our role in the natural world. We must be asking how we can better treat the creatures with whom we share Earth and how we can lessen the impact of our products on local habitats and their inhabitants. The reports from Europe cite a number of pesticides as causes for the almost 421 million birds removed from the population, due to mass death of insects, which are the birds’ main source of food.

North American birds face a similar threat; while migrating North over farms, they consume seeds applied with neonicotinoids: a common pesticide. So this year you should go out, have fun, and learn about how you can contribute to the conservation of our feathered friends in the sky!   

Environmental Studies Presentation on Pompton Lakes Set for Monday


News Release
Contact: James O'Neill

Turtle Island Consulting Firm Presents its Groundbreaking Work

The graduating Environmental Studies class at Ramapo College has been working all semester to complete an Environmental Impact Statement on the contamination that DuPont and Chemours left in the Pompton Lakes community. As the semester comes to a close and our beloved class of 2018 graduates, we are honored to announce that the project has been completed and our presentation will go as planned on Monday, May 7 from 9:30 am to 1 pm in Friend’s Hall.

The class is all very excited to present. Graduating senior and Turtle Island Consulting project manager Andrew Herrera described the class as “a great learning experience” and TIC editor Emily Shovlin stated “Every day this class teaches me something new about Pompton Lakes and Dupont. It’s heartwarming to see the finished product. Everybody has done so much to help.” There is no question that the classmates have all grown very close to each other throughout the course of the class. Be sure to see what this great class has to share before they all leave Ramapo College and continue to make the world a better place.